Supporting your teen's career journey

As parents, we want our children to succeed academically, professionally, and personally. So when it comes time for them to make decisions about their future, it’s natural to worry. What if they choose the wrong career path? What if they don’t want to go to university? What if they don’t know what they want at all?

"A different path isn’t a wrong path" 

Here’s the truth: a different path isn’t a wrong path. Today, there are more ways than ever for young people to build a successful and fulfilling career. While the traditional academic route (A levels followed by a university degree) is still a great option for many, it’s no longer the only option. In fact, for some young people, it may not be the best fit at all.

In this article, we’ll explore the range of options available to young people at key transition points – after GCSEs (Key Stage 4) and after A levels or equivalent (Key Stage 5) – to help you support your teen in making informed, confident choices.

Careers education has changed

Once upon a time, careers followed a relatively linear route. Today’s workplace is dynamic and diverse, and so are the pathways into it. Young people can:

• take academic qualifications
• do an apprenticeship
• gain hands-on skills via vocational training
• start a business
• combine work with study through programmes like T Levels
• build a portfolio career with multiple income streams

Yet, many teenagers (and their parents) feel overwhelmed by the sheer volume of choices, and uncertain where to start. Schools offer limited one-on-one guidance, and it’s easy to feel like you’re alone on this very important decision-making journey. I know first-hand that PSHE and Careers Education can be very patchy in many schools and are often not taught by specialists. 

That’s why it’s important to take a step back, explore the bigger picture, and remember that the “right” path is the one that suits your child.

For KS4 students (Years 10–11): Choosing what comes after GCSEs

At this stage, young people are preparing to move into Key Stage 5. Traditionally, this meant choosing A levels. But there are several other routes to consider.

1. A Levels

Best for: Academic students aiming for university or professions that require a degree (e.g. law, medicine).

Advantages:

• Keeps career options open
• Recognised by all UK universities
• Develops academic and critical thinking skills

Disadvantages:

• Less practical/hands-on
• Heavily exam-based
• Can feel disconnected from the world of work

2. T Levels

Best for: Students who enjoy practical learning with a clear career path in mind.

Advantages:

• Combines classroom learning with a substantial industry placement
• Equivalent to 3 A levels
• Developed with employers for real-world relevance

Disadvantages:

• Limited subjects compared to A levels
• Still relatively new – less flexibility if interests change later
• Requires a strong commitment to a specific area early on

3. BTECs and vocational courses

Best for: Students who want to learn through doing and have a clear idea of their interests.

• Advantages:
• Coursework-focused
• Builds job-ready, employability skills
• Leads to university or employment/apprenticeships

Disadvantages:

• May not be accepted by all universities
• Narrower focus than A levels

4. Apprenticeships (some start post-GCSE)

Best for: Students ready to work and earn while learning.

Advantages:

• Learn on the job
• Earn a salary
• Gain industry-recognised qualifications

Disadvantages:

• Fewer roles available at 16+
• Can limit flexibility for switching careers later
• Competitive application process

For KS5 students (Years 12–13): Life after A levels or equivalent

By now, your child is likely facing decisions about higher education, employment, or further training.

1. University

Best for: Careers that require degrees (e.g., architecture, engineering), or those who love academic study.

Advantages:

• Access to certain professional fields
• Personal growth and independence
• Strong social and networking opportunities

Disadvantages:

• High cost and student debt
• Not always a guarantee of employment
• May delay entry into the workforce

2. Higher or degree apprenticeships

Best for: Students who want to earn while learning at university level.

Advantages:

• No tuition fees
• Earn while studying
• Real work experience alongside qualifications

Disadvantages:

• Fewer opportunities than traditional uni
• Highly competitive
• Less social/student life than university

3. Employment with training

Best for: Students ready to enter the workforce but still want to gain skills.

Advantages:

• Immediate income
• Builds independence
• On-the-job learning

Disadvantages:

• Limited training without proactive support
• Lower starting salaries
• Risk of hitting a ceiling without further qualifications

4. Gap year or self-directed study

Best for: Students who need more time to decide or want to build skills before committing.

Advantages:

• Time for reflection, travel, volunteering or earning
• Build a unique CV
• Opportunity to explore interests deeply

Disadvantages:

• There is a risk you may not return to study
• Requires structure, money and planning to be beneficial

Why clarity matters – and how to get it

Making decisions about the future at 16 or 18 can feel overwhelming. Many teenagers are still figuring out who they are, let alone what they want to do for the rest of their lives. The truth is, they don’t need to have it all figured out – but they do need to understand their options and make choices that keep doors open.

This is where dedicated one-to-one support can make a world of difference. While schools do their best, their time and resources are stretched. Having an experienced professional who can help your teen explore their strengths, values, and goals can offer not just clarity but also confidence.

Whether it’s mapping out career paths, understanding qualifications, or just helping them ask the right questions, the right guidance can turn a stressful decision into an exciting opportunity.

There is no one-size-fits-all path to success. Whether your teen chooses A levels, an apprenticeship, or something in between, what matters most is that the journey suits them – their passions, their learning style, and their vision for the future.

So if your child is feeling unsure or stuck, remember: "A different path isn’t a wrong path". And with the right support, they can find the one that’s right for them.